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Cover" Seriks oe 
Athletic Handbooks 
No. 73R 



iU5 
a 




Graded Calisthenic 



AND 



Dumb Bell Drills 



By, 

ALBERT B. WEGENER 

Director of Physical Training, Drew Seminary 
Madison, N.J. 



^ 






Published by 
AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING 
COMPANY 
45 Rose Street, New York 



*-!^. 



•,0.^° 



Copyright, 1920 

BY THE 

American Sports Publishing Company 
New York 



FEB -2 1921 
g)CU605624 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



Foreword 



-' I 



n 



Ever since graded apparatus work has been used in gymnastics, 
the necessity of having a mass drill that would harmonize with 
it has been felt. 

For years it has been the established custom in most gymnas- 
iums of memorizing a set drill, never varied from one year's 
end to another. Consequently the beginner was given the same 
kind and amount of work as the older member. 

Most systems and instructors have recognized the need of, and 
some have taught, exercises of a progressive nature. The most 
systematic of these, however, have not been adapted to the needs 
of our modern gymnastic class work movement, nor have they 
been largely adopted. With a view to giving uniformity the 
present treatise is attempted. There is no desire to accept credit 
for creating anything new, recognizing that in all advance there 
is an evolutionary process with stages of growth so minute as to 
preclude any credit of originality. The only credit desired is 
for the work of collecting and giving to the public the results 
of this process. 

It must not be forgotten, however, to give credit to those 
who give directions and stimulus to our efforts. In the present 
case the writer wishes to give credit to Mr. George W. Ehler, 
with whom he was associated for many years, who made a care- 
ful study of the Swedish system and used an excellent caiis- 
thenic modification adapted to the needs of the largest gymnas- 
ium membership in the country. He was often urged to perfect 
and publish this, but his many duties prevented his doing so. 
Feeling the value of the work, permission was obtained to put it 
into print that others might receive the benefit. 

The following is a still further modification and amplifica- 
tion of his work. Perfection is not claimed for it. This is left 
for future workers ; the present production is merely an attempt 




FIG. 1. ATTENTION. 



FIG. 2. WALK-STAND. 



Spalding s Athletic Library. •} 

to give a rational, practical, systematic, suggestive scheme of 
exercises, graded in character, that may be used with profit in 
individual as well as mass class work. It is not exhaustiv^^. 
There is a book in French whose evident purpose is to give all 
possible movements of the body. This is valueless for our 
present purpose. Again, the Germans, famous for system and 
headwork, spare no pains in making drill after drill whose 
primary object seems to be to make something pretty and in- 
tricate, while the work of the Swedes smacks too much of the 
clinic to Do used as it is. 

There is no desire to discount or speak ill of any of these so- 
called systems. They all have great value, but there is as yet 
nothing that contains their excellent features and at the same 
time meets the needs of that distinctly peculiar type of man, the 
American. 

-The enthusiasm and vigor of the Roberts drill has been duly 
recognized by its widespread use, yet it does not contain the 
further necessary element of progression. The present work- 
seeks to combine the physiological principles of the Swedes, the 
variety of the Germans, and the enthusiasm of the Americans. 
Necessarily, it is not a complete system of physical education, 
but only a factor. 

The great value of the much-used "resistance exercises" are 
duly appreciated, but these find little or no place in mass class 
drill. 

The following drill is not only progressive but elastic; it tells the 
whole story at a glance and yet is resourceful. If a set drill is desired, 
accompanied by music or for exhibition purposes, it is there, and 
requires but a few moments of the director's time to collect. 
But it is now conceded that the best plan for everyday use is 
movement by command. 

There is an important feature that finds no type in this drill, 
but which no director can afford to miss, namely, breathing exer- 
cises. Yet this is left to the common sense of the director. To 
tell a man when and how to breathe is much like telling him 
when and how to let his heart beat. This one advice: Let the 
class perform breathing exercises often, with or without arm 




FIG. 3. STRIDE-STAND FIG. 4. STOOP-STAND. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 9 

movements or percussion of chest or muscles previously exer- 
cised. Experience has proved the value of this. 

This is not a complete system for all muscles of the body. 
For example, there are no special movements for the muscles 
of the forearm, such as linger grip and extension, wrist shake, 
etc. If it is desired these may be introduced in connection 
with thrusts or any combination which includes arm move- 
ments. 

The same may be said of forearm flexion. If one uses this 
drill alone and wishes work for all muscles, he may include 
them, but since the primary purpose of this drill is to use it m 
connection with other gymnastic apparatus, it will be readily 
seen that these muscles are largely used in such apparatus work 
and receive their best development in that connection. 

Concerning the Order of Giving the Movements in Class. 

This is a subject well worth careful consideration. The Swedes 
have developed a scheme called ''day's order," which refers to 
the order of giving various exercises. They claim that experi- 
ence has shown them that the order they 'use produces the best 

results. 

Without wishing to reflect discredit upon their experience it 
is only necessary to say that other workers have had experience 
with just as good resuUs without following their "day's order. 
It is left to the discretion of the director to select the order, 
in view of his experience and physiological knowledge. 

Some give exercises of the same type in succession, inter- 
spersed with plenty of breathing exercises and percussion, while 
others give a light, easy exercise alternately with a vigorous, 
difficult one. Either of these methods resuh in good. 

Command and Count. 

The command should be short and distinct. Much depends 
upon the tone as to how the exercise is executed. A sharp 
quick, forceful command is usually followed by the same kmd 
of exercise. 




FIG. 5- FIG. 

ARCH WALK STAND. FORWARD TOE TOUCH. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. ii 

There is no need of giving to all movements the same num- 
ber of count. Easy exercises naturally require more and diffi- 
cult ones less counts, except in case a set drill to music or 
for exhibition is desired. It has been found valuable to count 
to a certain number and then back to one, e. g., one, two, 
three, four; four, three, two, one. By means of this method 
the class will be less likely to forget the count and continue the 
exercise. Often it is desirable to have the class itself count 
loudly for the sake of enthusiasm. 

How TO Get the Class on and Off the Floor. 

There are many ways now used for getting the class in posi- 
tion for the mass drill. To facilitate matters, the floor is often 
marked with spots. The method of laying out these spots de- 
pends upon the space and the number in classes. If the classes 
are crowded the spots may be marked out in the diamond shape, 
six feet between spots, but if there is plenty of space a diamond 
of seven or eight feet may be used. These spots are sometimes 
painted on the floor about the size of a silver dollar, or small 
metal discs may be inlaid and screwed to the floor. 

If the spots are used the following methods may be used to 
get the class on the floor. 

1. The Scramble. — When the bell rings for class formation, 
each gymnast hastily seizes his bell and takes his place on any 
of the unoccupied spots. This is a good method where time is 
an important factor. The dismissal to replace bells or other 
light apparatus may also be made in this manner. 

2. The Line Up. — There are several good methods of a 
more orderly character than the scramble, if time permits. 

In one method one of the leaders takes his place at one cor- 
ner of the gymnasium "facing in." Each of the class in turn 
falls in line in same attitude. (See frontispiece. Fig. A.) 

Another method is to "fall in" in column of file with or with- 
out extended arms on the shoulders of the one in front. Then 
at command "Front" the class face the director. (See frontis- 
piece. Fig. B.) 

In eitb.er of these two methods, if the class extends only 



I 




-"^— '■ - ---"-' ^ 



FIG. 7. FORWARD CHARGE. FIG. 8. CROSS CHARGE. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library, 13 

across one side of the gymnasium, the command may be given 
to count off by fours, fives, sixes, etc., depending upon the 
width of the gymnasium, and then "open order" by causing 
"ones" to march a certain number of paces, "twos" two paces less, 
"threes" two paces behind "twos," etc. Then they may be "faced" 
in any direction convenient to the director. This is the simplest 
"order method." 

Another simple method is to have them form and count off 
as in above, then "right face," so as to be in column of file. 
Then if, for example, the count off has been by sixes, the com- 
mand is given : "Sixes column left — march" ; or, if it is pre- 
ferred, "Sixes right— march," at which the sixes wheel into col- 
umns of six. 

A more elaborate method, which is much in use, is to count 
off by sixes, for example, "right face," march in file until the 
first six comes across the further end of the gymnasium. Then 
the command, "First six by the left flank — march." Each six in 
turn perform the same maneuver, each line of sixes stopping six 
feet back of the one in front. When the command is given 
to "open order," the members side step to right or left six 
feet apart. In case the floor is marked with spots the sixes 
may open order before doing the "by the left flank — march," at 
the further end of the gymnasium. 

To Get the Class Off the Floor. 

The scramble method may be used in this case also, where 
time is an important consideration. 

Of the formal methods, lines may close to front and march 
in files in succession, or the lines may face right or left, close 
and march in files as before. 

If the class is small the "Sixes right" (or left) may be exe- 
cuted into line. 

When to Give the Drill in Class Work. 

The custom heretofore has been to start the class work with 
the drill, followed by apparatus work and games. 

This is not desirable, since the dr'U is so much more vigor- 




FIG. 9. FRONT LEANING-REST. FIG. 10. BACK LEANING-RES'] 
FIG. 11. SIDE LEANING-REST. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 15 

ous than the apparatus work that pupils often take cold during 
the latter. 

x\ better plan is to have the class quickly "fall in" in column (see 
frontispiece, Fig. B) and give about five minutes of light rapid 
work of any movements that may be done to the side so as not 
to interfere with pupils in front or rear. Follow this "warm- 
ing up" with apparatus work, then the dumb bell drill, then a 
class run, and close with recreative games. 

How Often to Change Drill. 

According to this method of grading it Is best to continue 
each drill f'-om two to four weeks before changing to next one. 

Examinations. 

It is desirable in a graded system of gymnastics, either in 
schools, colleges, Y.M.C.A.'s and clubs that pretend to do more 
than haphazard work, to hold examinations at stated times, 
usually at the end of the season's work. The method of con- 
ducting such an examination in calisthenics is to have the di- 
rector deploy the class in positions for exercising. Then sta- 
tion a judge for each four members in such a position that 
he can watch all their mo^. ements. The director gives the com- 
mand for each movement, but does not demonstrate how it is 
to be done, or if they are being examined on a "set drill" he 
merely gives them the command for starting. 

The examination may then consist of any of the graded drills 
given during the season's work or an entirely new combination 
of movements, but using no commands not used in the season's 
work. The best method, however, is to examine on the last 
drill given to the class. 

The judges should be members of the class who are acquainted 
with the drill. They can be given their examination at some 
other time. They should have a large sheet of paper with the 
names of the men well apart. This they hold up in line with 
the four men and without taking their eyes from the men, should, 
whenever one makes a mistake, either in time or form, make a 
dot with a pencil below his name, each' dot to represent a cer- 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 1 7 

tain number of points against the man who made it, deter- 
mined upon beforehand in accordance with the gravity of the 
offense. 

For example : A drill is given with ten different exercises 
and each exercise has ten movements or counts. If the con- 
testant misses one movement one dot might be put down, which 
might represent i per cent, on the basis of say lOO per cent, for 
a perfect drill. Bad form would represent i per cent, for each 
movement, so that if one entire exercise were done in bad form 
10 per cent, would be deducted from the standing. 

There are other good methods of marking, but this is a sug- 
gestion. "A word to the wise is sufficient." 



Note.— The photographs reproduced in this work were made 
by George H. Walden, Rochester, N. Y. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



IQ 



Calisthenic Nomenclature 



B. 



C. 



GENERAL TERMS. 

(a) Calisthenics comprise all exercises with movable hand 
apparatus and all exercises without apparatus, except — 

(b) Clas^ Evolutions , which comprise all kinds of marching 
and running in class. 

The Boay is divided for convenience as follows* 

(a) trunk; 

(b) head; 

(c) upper limbs — 

arm (shoulder to elbow), 
forearm (elbow to wrist), 
hand (wrist to fingers) ; 

(d) lower limbs — 
thigh (hip to knee) , 
leg (knee to ankle), 
foot. 

Axes and Planes. Three axes and three planes are con- 
sidered: 

(a) The Vertical Axis corresponds to the spinal column in 
whatever position. 

(b) The Horizontal Axis corresponds with or is parallel to a 
line drawn through the shoulders at right angles to the ver- 
tical axis. 

(c) The Antero- Posterior Axis corresponds with or is paral- 
lel to a line drawn from front to back at right angles to the 
vertical and horizontal axes. 

(d) The Lateral Plane contains the vertical and horizontal 
axes. 

(e) The Antero-Posterior Plajie contains the vertical and 
antero-posterior axes. 

(f) The Horizontal Plane contains the antero-posterior and 
the horizontal axes. 




EiG. 16. ARMS VERTICAL. FIG. 17. HEAD CLASP. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 21 

D. (a) Abdiictio7i is a move^ lent away from the median line of 

the antero-posterior plane; or, in case of the fingers, away 
from the median line of the hand. Example: Thigh ab- 
duction. (See Fig. 27.) 

(b) Adduction is a movement toward or across the median 
line of the antero-posterior plane. (Fig. 28.) 

(c) Circumdiictio7i is a movement of any member in which 
the tip of the member describes a circle, the member itself, 
up to the centre of motion describing a cone. The term 
circle is used interchangeably with circumduction in move- 
ments of the limbs. (Fig. 36.) 

(d) Flexion is a bending of one of the extremities in the di- 
rection in which the moving parts can be most closely 
approximated. In gymnastic use, flexion means that the 
limb is bent to the fullest extent. The term flexion is used 
when the trunk is the centre of motion aud the limb moves 
toward it. Example: Raising the thigh is a flexion. (See 
Fig. 25.) 

^e) Half flexion, the limb is moved 90 degrees. 

(f) The term ^^«£/ is used when the limb is the centre of 
motion and the trunk moves. (Example: A forward 
movement of the body from th t hips.) [Fig. 39.] 

(g) Extension is the reverse of flexion and bend. (Fig. 26.) 
(h) Rotation is the turning of the body or any part of it upon 

its own axis. (Synonym: Torsion, twisting.') [Figs. 20 
and 22a.] 

E. Direction. All exercises, unless otherwise directed, should 

be done to the left first, and when the limbs perform separ- 
ate movements, the first named shall be done to the left. 

F. Positions and Commands. Names are given to positions; 

commands are given to show how to arrive at the position. 
In many cases, after the preliminary instruction, the name 
of the position may serve as the command for taking such 
position. (Example: "Stride— stand — Left foot sidewise— 
Place!" becomes later, "Stride— Stand! ") 

II. POSITIONS. 

I. Of the Body and Lower Limbs. — 



I.. 



^.^ 




Spalding' s Athletic Library. ^3 

(a) Attention. The position of the soldier, as given in 
United States Infantry Drill Regulations, except thai the 
feet are at angle 01 90 degrees. At the command "atten- 
tion" given at any time, this position is to be assumed. 
(See Fig. i.) The position of a wand or bar-bell at "at- 
tention" is with arms down, bar across thighs, hands 
grasping it with palms toward body and dividing into thirds. 

(b) Stand. Position as in "attention," except that arms 
may be in any position. At command to assume "stand," 
heels are brought together, but arms are kept in position 
held at the time. 

(c) Walk— Stand. Either foot is two lengths of itself in 
front of the other, from heel to heel, both legs extended, and 
supporting body equally, foot making angle of 90 degrees. 
(See Fig. 2.) 

(d) Stride — Stand. Heels are two lengths of foot apart 
laterally, legs extended and supporting body equally, feet at 
an angle of 90 degrees. (See Fig. 3.) 

(e) Stoop— Sta7id. Legs are in "attention," trunk bent for- 
ward at hips about 30 degrees, back straight, chest out, 
chin in. Combining this trunk position with (c) and (d) 
gives " Stoop— Walk— Stand " and " Stoop— Stride- 
Stand." (See Fig. 4.) 

(f) Arch— Stand. (Also Arch— Walk or Arch— Stride- 
Stand.) Head and upper back bent back to fullest extent. 
(See Fig. 5). 

(g) Toe — Touch. One foot is advanced in direction indi- 
cated, foot extended, toes touching floor, other foot in 
place and supporting entire weight of body. (See Fig. 6.) 

(h) Charge. One foot is advanced, in direction indicated 
three foot lengths, knee bent and directly over the instep. 
The outer foot is in place, knee straight. Most of weight 
is on advanced foot. The angle of feet remains at 90 de- 
grees, body erect on hips and facing front. (See Fig. 7.) 

(i) Lunge. This is as in the charge, except that the moving 
foot is advanced as far as possible. The direction of a Toe- 
Touch, Charge, or Lunge may be as follows: Forward, 
forward oblique, side, rear oblique, rear, or cross. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 
Forward 



25 



Left oblique 
Left sideways 
Left rear oblique 




Right oblique 

Right sideways 
Right rear oblique 



Rear 



(j) Cross-Charge, Toe-Touch, or Lunge is a movement of 
either leg in manner indicated, to the oblique or rear ob- 
lique of opposite sides. (See Fig. 8.) 

(k) Leaning— Rest. Body supported by hands and feet, 
limbs all straight, thighs extended, 
(i) Front— Leaning— Rest is when body faces downward. 

(See Fig. 9-) 

(2) Back— Leaning— Rest is when body faces upward. (See 

Fig. 10). 

(3) Side— Leaning— Rest is when the side of body is toward 
the floor. The body may be supported on one or both 
arms— one unless otherwise indicated. (See Fig. 11.) 

(1) Squat. The body is lowered by bending knees and hips, 
back hollow; knees pointing same direction as feet. 
Quarter and Half 5^««/— Heels are kept on floor unless 
otherwise directed. Full Sgtiat—lleds are raised. (See 
Fig. 12.) 

(m) Squat— Rest. Squat with hands resting on floor, body 
inclined forward, arms between knees. (See Fig. 13.) 

2 . Of Upper L imbs . — 

(a) Horizontal, level with the shoulders (front, front ob- 
lique, side, rear oblique). Forearm, hand, and fingers ex- 
tended, with palms down, unless otherwise directed. (See 
Figs. 14 and 15.) 

(b) Vertical, arms up, forearms, hands and fingers extended, 
with palms inward, unless otherwise directed. This posi- 




FIG 22. (a) HEAD ROTATION. (b) SIDE BEND OF HEAD, 

fig'. 23. (a) HEAD RETRACTION. (b) HEAD PROJECTION- 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 27 

tion may be reached and departed from through any of the 
directions indicated for charge. (See Fig. 16.) 
(c) Head Clasp, hands clasped high on back of head; elbows 
back as far as possible. (See Fig. 17.) 

III. MOVEMENTS. 
I. Of Body — 

(a) Turns, used in reference to rotations about the vertical 
axis. 

(i) Right Turns, in the direction in which the hands of a 
clock move, the clock regarded as on the floor, face up. (If 
the body is brought into a position in which the head is 
downward, the clock shall be regarded as still upon the 
floor.) Turns may be designated by fractions, as quarter, 
half, three-quarter, full or complete. Quarter right turn is 
equivalent to "right face" of military drill, half right turn 
to "about face." 

(2) Left Tiirns, the reverse of the above, 

(b) Circles. Rotation about horizontal or antero-posterior axis, 
(i) Circles about the horizontal axis in the antero-posterior 

plane. These are named with reference to a clock placed 
at the left side facing the body. Circles in the direction of 
the motion of the clock hands are "front" or "forward" 
circles. When executed on the floor as a movement of 
progression, or correspondingly on apparatus (as the par- 
allel bars), these are called "forward rolls." Backward 
circles or rolls are in the opposite direction. "Somer- 
saults" are forward or backward circles, but are made in 
the air without support. 
(2) Circles about the antero-posterior axis and in the lateral 
plane are named from the motion of the clock hands placed 
in front of and facing the body. Right circles, with the 
hands; left, agaiftst the hands. 

(c) Bending, with the hips or waist as the centre of motion. 
Direction named as for charge, but always with reference 
to position of trunk. (See Figs. 5, 19 and 31.) Example: 
If trunk is rotated to right, a forward bend will be in direc- 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 29 

tion trunk is facing. (See Fig. 18.) Forward \s fhe only 
bend from the hips and is made with the spine straight. 
(See Fig. 19.) 

(d) Rotation, about the spinal column as an axis, feet remain 
stationary, hips firm. Direction, as for "turns." (See 
Fig. 20.) 

(e) Circuniductio7i, about the lumbar vertebrae as a centre. 
Direction, as for "turns." (See Fig. 32.) 

2. Of the Head.— 

(a) Bending. (See Figs._2i and 22b.) 

(b) Rotation. (See Fig. 22a.) 

(c) Circumductio7i. 

(d) Projection and Retraction. Chin is kept at same level 
throughout. (See Fig. 23.) 

3 . Of Upper L imbs. — 

(a) Arm Circles. 

(i) Forward and Backward, or front and back about hori- 
zontal axis in antero-posterior plane, clock as in similar 
body circles. 

(2) Right and Left, about antero-posterior axis in lateral 
plane, clock as in similar body circles. 

(3) Great Circles, arms move up in antero-posterior plane 
(sides to vertical), down to sides in lateral plane. Also 
vice versa. 

(b) Rotation, about the bones as axes. The whole limb, or 
the forearm along, may be rotated. 

(c) Flexion, complete bending at elbow, wrist or finger 
joints. Forearm, hands or fingers may be fiexed. 

(i) Arms down, forearms may be flexed forward or side- 
ward. (See Fig. 24.) 

(2) Arms at side horizontal, forearms may be fiexed forward, 
downward and upward. 

(3) Arms at front horizontal, forearms may be flexed inward 
(right to left and vice versa) and upward. 

(4) Arms at vertical, forearms may be flexed backward and 
inward. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 31 

(d) Arm Swings, movements of whole limb from shoulder, 
through fraction of a circle, 
(i) Forivard — Up, from sides to front horizontal or vertical, 
and front horizontal to vertical. (See Fig. 33.) 

(2) Sideivays — Up from sides to side horizontal or vertical, 
and side horizontal to vertical. (See Fig. 34.) 

(3) Forzvard — Down, reverse of Forward — Up. 

(4) Sideways — Down, reverse of Sideways — Up. 

(5) Back, from sides backward in antero-posterior plane, 
about one-eighth circle, and in horizontal plane from front 
to side horizontal. (See Fig. 35.) 

(6) Front, from side horizontal to front horizontal. 

(e) Shoulder Rotation, rotary movement of scapulae, arms 
down at sides, front horizontal, side horizontal or vertical. 

(f) Arm Circumduction (Shoulder Circles from the shoul- 
der as a centre, about either axis, describing circles of any 
diameter indicated. 

. Of Lomer Limbs. 

(a) Charge, movement to position described in II., i, (h) : 
The foot is raised but slightly from the floor, the bending 
at the thigh and knee being continuous from the start, so 
that thigh and leg are almost in final position when foot 
strikes floor, without shock. Trunk is kept erect through- 
out. (See Fig. 7.) 

(b) Lunge, movement to position as described in II., i, (i). 

(c) 1-4, 1-2 or Full Squat, movements to position as described 
in II., I, (1 ). The tendency to bend trunk forward should 
be prevented. (See Fig. 12.) 

(d) Thigh Flexion, raise thigh forward, leg and foot 
extended. (See Fig. 25.) 

(e) Thigh Extension Backivard, thigh extended backward as 
far as possible, leg and foot extended. (See Fig. 26.) 

(f ) Thigh Abduction, moving the thigh from the median line 
to its own side. To be done without altering position of 
pelvis. (See Fig. 27.) 

(g) Thigh Abduction, moving the thigh from an abducted 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 33 

position toward the median line, also across the median line 
from its own side. (See Fig. 28.) 

(h) Thigh Rotation, about the femur as an axis. 

(i) Thigh Circumduction, (Leg Circles), a circumduction of 
thigh from the hip as a centre. May be started from flexed, 
abducted, or extended positions. Direction right or left, clock 
facing the foot, whatever the starting point. (See Fig. 36.) 

(j) Leg Flexion, leg flexed upon the thigh, which remains 
fixed. (See Fig. 29.) 

(k) Leg Rotation, about its own axis. Possible only when 
the leg is flexed. 

(1) Foot Extension, straightening foot into line with leg, or 
when feet are on the floor raising heels. (See Fig. 30.) 

(m) Foot Flexion, reverse of foot extension, 

(n) Jumps, Springing from both feet. (Also used of move- 
ments of progression on apparatus, body supported by 
hands.) 
(i) Broad, gaining ground in any direction indicated. 

(2) Upward, springing straight up without gaining ground. 
May be accompanied with various movements of limbs, 
turns, etc. ^ 

(3) Stride Jump, spring to stride, stand and return to start- 
ing position, both thighs moving equally. 

(4) Walk Jump , spring to Walk-Stand and return to starting 
position, also continuous alternation of feet in Walk-Stand. 

(5) To Stride Stand. IMovement to position is performed at 
command, 'J.eft (right) foot sideways— Place/'' the foot 
being moved twice its length to its own side. Or it may 
be done at command, "7b Stride Stand— Jump!" the 
thighs being abducted simultaneously. Ultimate form of 
command being " Stride — Stand !" 

(6) To Walk Stand. Same principle is applied here as in (5) 
''To Stride Stafid," except foot may be moved either for- 
ward or backward. Ex.— 'T^ Walk Stand, Left (right) 
foot forward (backward)— /•/«<:<? .^" 

(o) Hop, a spring starting from one foot and landing on same 
(i) Broad and Upward as for Jumps. 




n 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 35 

(p) Kuiis. Rapid alternation of movement of both limbs. 
One foot leaves floor before other is replaced, 
(i) Stationary Run, running iTiovement without gaining 

ground. May be of flexions of leg alone, of thigh and 

leg, of thigh, etc. 
(2) Double Time-March, run gaining ground. Fancy steps 

of many kinds may be introduced. 

(Note — The above nomenclature was adopted by the Physical Directors' 
Conference of 1892, 1893 and 1894.) 




FIG. 32. CIRCUMDUCT BODY TO LEFT. 
FIG. 33. ARM SWINGS FORWARD UP. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 37 



Development of the Graded Drill 



Calisthenics are divided into (i) positions and (2) movements. 
In this work the following are used: 
Positions: stand, squat, squat-rest, sitting, leaning-rest, lie 

down. 
Movements: of the head, body, upper extremities, lower 
extremities. 

Positions are further subdivided as follows; 
I. POSITIONS. 

1. Standing. 

Attention (Fig. i). 
Stride— Stand (Fig. 3). 
Stoop— Stand (Fig. 4). 
Stride — Stoop — Stand. 
Arch— Walk— Stand (Fig. 5}. 
Walk-Stand (Fig. 2). 

2. Squatting. 

Half (Fig. 12, b). 
Full (Fig. 12, a). 
Squat— rest (Fig. 13). 

3. Leani7ig — rest (hand, elbow )^ 

Front (Fig. 9), 
Back (Fig. 10). 
Side (Fig. 11). 

4. Lying. 

On Back (Figs. 41 and 42). 

On Side (Fig. 44). 

On Abdomen (Fig. 45). 

5 Balance.— 

(i) On one leg, with various positions of body and other leg. 
CFigs. 46 and 47.) 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 39 

{2) Squat. (Fig. i_>. a.) 

(3) Head balance. 

(4) Forearm balance. (Fig. 48.) 

(5) Hand balance. (Fig. 49.) 

n. MOVEMENTS are subdivided as follows: 

1. Head.— 

(a) Bend (Figs. 21 and 22b.) 
forward, 

Slide, 
back. 

(b) Projection and retraction. (Fig. 23.) 

(c) Rotation. 

(d) Circumduction. 

2. Body — 

(a) Hip bend. (Fig. 19.) 

(b) Side bend. (Fig. 31.) 

(c) Arch bend. (Fig. 5.) 

(d) Rotation. (Fig. 20.) 

3. Upper Extremities. — 

(a) Thrusts (Fig. 38.) 
forward (Fig. 15), 

side horizontal (Fig. 14), 
upward (Fig. 16). 

(b) Swings, 
forward (Fig. Z3), 
sideways (Fig. 34), 
horizontal (Fig. 35). 

(c) Circles, 
forward, 
sideways, 
backward. 

4. Lozver Extremities. — 
(a) Feet: 

(i) Extend (a) slowly (Fig. 30); 

(b) quickly (hop) with or without leg movements. 



Spalding's Athletic Library, 41 

(2) Flex. 

(b) Charges: 
forward (Fig. 7), 
forward oblique, 
side, 

rear oblique, 

rear, 

cross (Fig. 8). 

(c) In stand: 

(i) Flex thigh. (Fig. 25). 

(2) Abduct thigh. (Fig. 27). 

(3) Extend thigh. (Fig. 26). 

(4) Flex thigh and leg. (Fig. 2>7)' 

(5) Flex thigh and leg and extend leg. (Combine Figs. 37 

and 25.) 

(6) Flex and extend thigh. (Combine Figs. 25 and 26.) 

(7) Flex leg. (Fig. 24). 

(d) Squats: 

(i) Half. (Fig. 12b). 

(2) Full, with or without movement of other leg. (Fig. 12a). 

(3) Squat-rest, with or without movement of leg. (Fig. 13). 

(4) One leg. 

(e) Jumps (with or without movements of legs or arms). 
Upward, 

Forward and backward, 
Sideways, 
Stride-jump, 
Walk-jump. 

In constructing a drill from the foregoing, one may give the 
movements in the above order, the grading being accom- 
plished by combining with the positions given above, as well as 
with combination of other movements, where practicable. Or sub- 
divisions of the movements may be separated and arranged in any 
order and then combined with positions and further movement as 
desired. 



Spalding s Athletic Library. 43 

For the sake of convenience the drill has been arranged in the 
\^ llowing skeleton. It ma}^ or may not be taught in this order: 

I. CORRECTIVE FREE WORK, 
(i) Thrusts. 

(2) Neck movements. 

(3) Arm circles and swings. 

(4) Hip bend. 

(5) Side bend. 

(6) Arch bend. 

II. MOVEMENTS OF LOWER EXTREMITIES. 
(i) Charges. 

(2) Leg movements in the stand. 

(3) Hops. 

(4) Squats. 

(5) Jumps. 

HI. LIE DOWN EXERCISES. 

IV. LEANING-REST EXERCISES. 
V. BENDS. 

VI. BALANCES. 
This skeleton is enlarged further by the following method: 
Second step. (A suggestion of only two exercises to illustrate 

the process of filling in the elements of the drill): 

I. CORRECTIVE FREE WORK. 

1. Thrusts (front, side, up), 
(i) In various stands. 

(2) With various movements. 

2. Neck movements, with resistance. 

(i) In various stands. f forward, sideways, 

(2) With various move- \ back, rotate, 
ments. ! extend, retract. 

This is further enlarged until finally the entire drill is developed 
in elements small enough for the unlimited selection of graded 
series of drills. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



45 



I. 



The following is the condensed drill in full: 

CORRECTIVE FREE WORK. 
Thrust, without or with extension and flexion of fingers. 

r I. In the stoop-stand (Fig. 

4). 

2. In the stride-stoop-stand. 

3. Arch — walk — stand (Fig. 5). 

4. With leg movements. 

5. With body movements, 
and body move- 



(a) To front horizontal 
(Fig. 15) from Fig. 38b. 

(•b) To side horizontal 
(Fig. 14) from Fig. 38a. 

(c) To vertical (Fig. 16). 

(d) Alternate. 



6. With le 
ments. 



2. Head movements with resistance of hands. 

(a) Forward bend (Fig. j 
21, b). 

(b) Side bend (Fig. 22. b). 

(c) Backward bend (Fig. 
21, a). 

(d) Project and retract 
(Fig. 23). 

(e) Rotate. 

(f) Circumduct. 

3. Arm swings and circles, 

(a) Forward to vertical 
(Fig. 2>Z). 

(b) Sideways to vertical 
(Fig. 34). 

(c) In horizontal plane 
(Fig. 35). 

(d) Circumduct backward 
at side horizontal. 

4. Hip bend (forward). 

(a) In the stand (Fig. 19). 

(b) In the stride-stand. 

(c) In the walk-stand. 



I I. In the stoop-stand. 
I 2. In the stride-stoop-stand. 
! 3. With body movements. 

4. With leg movements. 

5. With body and leg move- 
ments. 



r 

!.. 

1 ^' 
\ 3. 
' 4. 

5. 



In stoop-stand. 
In stride-stoop-stand. 
With leg movements. 
With body movements. 
With leg and body move- 
ments. 



p I. Arms held in var:c«.vi posi- 
I tions. 

2. xA-rm movementSe 

3. Leg movements. 
I- 4. Arm and leg movements. 




FIG. 42. FLEX THIGH WHILE LYING ON BACK. 

FIG. 43. FLEX THIGHS, RAIblNG BODY AND TOUCH LEGS, 

WHILE LYING ON BACK. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



47 



5. Side bend. , , . 

^ I. Arms held 111 various posi- 

(a) In the stand. | tions. 

(b) In the stride-stand ^ 2. Arm movements. 
(Fig. 31). I 3- Leg movements. 



6. Arch bend (backward), 

(a) In the walk-stand 
(Fig. 2). 



4. Arm and leg movements. 



I. Arms held in various posi- 
tions. 



(b) From stand with leg^ ^^ ^^^ .movements 



movements 



['■ 



1. Arms held in various posi 
tions. 

2. Arm movements. 

3. Body movements. 

4. Arm and body movements. 



II. EXERCISES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES. 

1. Charge (or lunge), Fig. 7. 

(a) Forward. 

(b) Forward oblique. 

(c) Side. 

(d) Rear oblique. 

(e) Rear. 

(f) Cross. 

2. Leg movements dn the stand. 

(a) Flex thigh. (Fig. 25.) 

(b) Abduct thigh. (Fig.27.) 

( c ) Extend thigh. ( Fig.26. ) 

(d) Flex thigh and leg. 
(Fig. 37-) 

(e) Flex thigh and leg and 
extend leg (combine Fig. 
37 and 25). 

(f) Flex and extend thigh 
(.combine Fig. 25 and 26) . 

(g) Flex feet (raise on heels) . 
(h) Extend feet. (Fig. 30.) 

(i) Flex and extend feet. 



(a) Arms held in various po- 
sitions. 

(b) With arm movements. 

(c) With body movements. 

(d) With arm and body move- 
ments. 




FIG. 44. ABDUCT THIGH WHILE LYING ON SIDE. 

FIG. 45. RAISE ARMS AND LEGS WHILE LYING ON THE 

ABDOMEN, 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



49 



6. 



Hop. 

(a) On one foot. 

(b) On alternate foot. 

(c) On one foot with move- 
ment of the other leg. 

Squat. 

(a) Half way down. (Fig. 

I2b.) 

(b) All the way down. 
(i)From the stand. 

(Fig. 12a.) 

(2) From the stride - 
stand. 

(3) From the stand with 
movement of one leg. 

(c) With one leg, with 
movement of other. 

(d) Squat - rest position 
(Fig. 13), with move- 
ment of leg or legs. 

Jump. 

(a) Upward, without or 
with leg movements. 

(b) Forward and back- 
ward. 

(c) Sideways. 

(d) Stride - jump, without 
and with body movement. 

(e) Walk-jump. 

Running exercise (without 

(a) Flexing leg. (Fig. 29.) 

(b) Flexing thigh and leg. 
(Fig. 37') 

(c) Flexing thigh. ( Fig. 25. ) 

(d) Abducting thigh. (Fig. 

27.) 



I- 
L3. 



With arms in various posi- 
tions. 

With arm movements. 
With leg movements. 



1. With hands held in various 
positions. 

2. Arm movements. 

3. With body movements. 

4. With body and arm move- 
ments. * 



With arms held in various 
positions. 
With arm movements. 



I 
mov; 



ng from the spot). 

With arms held in various 
positions. 
With arm movements. 




FIG. 46. 



FIG. 47. 



BALANCE ON LEF'i LEG. HOLDING RIGHT THIGH 
EXTENDED AND BODY BENT FORWARD. 
BALANCE ON LEFT LEG. HOLDING RIGHT THIGH 
ABDUCTED AND BODY BENT TO SIDE. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 



51 



III. LYING AND SITTING EXERCISES. (Figs. 41-45.) 

f I. Perform movements of 
(a) Arms. 



(a) Lie on the back. 

(b) Lie on the abdomen. 

(c) Lie on the side. 

(d) Sitting position. 



(b) Legs. 

(c) Body. 

(d) Arms and body. 

(e) Arms and legs, 

(f) Arms, legs, and body. 
2. Hold arms, body and legs in 

various positions a few seconds. 

IV. LEANING-REST. 

(a) Front leaning-rest (Fig. 9), with movements of (i) arms, 
(2) legs, (3) body. 

(b) Side leaning-rest (Fig. 11), with movements of (i) free 
arm, (2) free leg, (3) free arm and leg. 

(c) Back leaning-rest (Fig. 10), with movements of (i) legs, 
(2) body. 

V. BODY MOVEMENTS. 

(i) Forward bend, swing arms between legs. (Fig. 39). 

With arms in various positions 
and return to same. 

1. Thighs. (Fig. 3.) 

2. Side horizontal. (Fig. 14. j 

3. Vertical. (Fig. 16.) 



(a) Stride — Stand. 

(b) Charges. 

(c) Stride — jump. 



(2) Rotate body. 



(a) In stride-stand. 

(b) With charges. 

(c) With stride-jump. 



4. Back head. (Fig. 17.) 

5. Both on one shoulder. 

6. Both horizontal to one side. 

7. Side shoulders. Fig. 38a. ) 
L 8. Alternate any of the above. 

f I. With arms held in various 

I positions. (Fig. 20.) 

I 2. With arm movements. 

\ 3. With body movements. 

I (Fig. 18.) 

I 4. With arm and body move- 

L ments. (Fig. 40.) 




FIG. 48. 
FOREARM BALANCE. 



FIG. 49. 
HAND BALANCE. 



Spalding^s Athletic Library. 53 

3. Circumduct, with arms in various positions. (Fig. 32.) 



VI. 



BALANCE. 

(i) Forward bend with one 
thigh extended horizon- 
tally. (Fig. 46.) 

(2) Side bend with one 
thigh abducted horizon- 
tally. (Fig. 47.) 

(3) Backward bend with one thigh flexed 

(4) Full squat position. (Fig. 12, a.) 

(a) Arms in various positions. 

(b) Arm movement. 

(c) Leg movement. 

(d) Arm and leg movements. 

(e) Arm and body movements. 

(5) Head balance assisted by hands. 

(6) Forearm balance. (Fig. 48. ) 

(7) Hand balance. (Fig. 49.) 



(a) Arms held m various posi- 
tions. 
' (b) Arm movements. 

(c) Leg movements. 
I (d) Arm and leg movements. 



The writer might have continued the process of enlargmg onw 
step further by indicating the various leg movements, body move- 
ments, body and leg movements, etc., wherever they appear in 
the above drill; but this would make the drill rather cumbersome. 
It is left to the reader's discretion to supply the desirable ones for 
each combination, and it is here that the director's judgment isi 
brought into play. 



54 Spaldtngs' Athletic Library. 




I. CORRECTIVE FREE WORK. 

1. The thrusts to front horizontal are executed from position 
with hands at side of chest, as far back as they can be held, with 
fingers clenched and palms either up or facing each other. 
(Fig. 38, b.) 

The starting position of the arms in the side and vertical thrusts 
is with the elbows back and down, the clenched hands side of 
shoulders facing each other. (Fig. 38, a). 

All thrusting movements must be executed strongly and vigor- 
ously, but not jerky. The emphasis must be made in returning 
to position with hands next to chest or shoulders. This should 
be insisted upon, for otherwise there is little benefit to be derived 
from this movement. 

It is not expected that the most difificult combinations will be 
t^sed in the "corrective free work." These are best reserved for 
the "body movements" with combinations. 

The movements here are to be light, easy, and of a char- 
acter to correct defective carriage of the body. An example will 
show this: 

It is possible to thrust to vertical while squatting with right leg, 
at same time abducting left thigh and rotating body with forward 
bend; yet it is not desirable to perform this exercise in connec- 
tion with "Corrective free work." Be content with simpler 
combinations even though repetition is necessary. 

It will be noted that extension and flexion of fingers (grip) 
may be performed to good advantage with the thrusts. 

2. In performing the neck movements the hands are placed 
on the forehead in the forward bend; on the side of the head on 
the side bend; and are clasped back of the head with elbows well 
back, on the backward bend, as well as in project and retract. 
They may or may not be placed on the sides of the head in the 



Spaldi)ig's Athletic Library. 55 

rotate and circumduct. In any case the resistance should be 
strong enough to bring the muscles strongly into action. 

3. The arm swings should be done strongly in both directions, 
but more especially in all upward and backward movements. In 
the "forward up swing" the fingers are extended, palms facing. 
In the "side up" the palms face each other both on the start and 
finish. (Figs. 33-35-) 

The circles are made with arms freely extended and are per- 
formed both in the same or opposite directions. Both may be 
done together or alternately. 

4. The hip bend refers to a forward bend at the hips only. 
The spine is kept straight, chest out, shoulders back and 
down. It is desirable in this exercise to keep the eyes fixed on 
some object on the wall in front in order to prevent drooping of 
head and shoulders. (Fig. 19.) 

5. In the side bend one should avoid moving the head from 
side to side. The legs and hips are stationary except in combi- 
nations with body and leg movements. The extended position of 
the spine should also be maintained. (Fig. 31.) 

6. The arch bend refers to a backward bend. In performing 
this movement the neck should first be bent well back in the 
backward bend and in returning to erect position the neck is first 
bent forward. (Fig. 5.) 

II. MOVEMENTS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES. 

1. The charge and lunge are so much alike that they are 
treated together. In a progressive series of drills for a season's 
work, it is desirable to give the charges in the beginning and the 
lunges in the latter part of the season. The directions and posi- 
tions of feet in the charges are described in the nomenclature 

(p. 25). 

A common error in the charges is to keep the body and head 
from moving with the charging leg. For accepted position of 
charge see Fig. 7. 

2, Leg movements in the Stand. 

Under this head are collected such exercises of the lower ex- 
tremities as do not naturally come under any one of the other 



56 Spalding's Athletic Library. 

groups. Since they are less vigorous, they naturally are placed 
not far from the beginning. The movements should be made to 
their fullest extent. (Figs. 25, 26, 27, 30, 2^1-') 

(JSTofe.— It was not possible to show the fullest extent of these exercises in 
photographs, since the positions could not be maintained.) 

3. The hopping exercises are done "on the spot" or with 
fancy steps of limited space. The movement is executed lightly 
on the ball of the feet with the knees slightly bent. 

4. In performing the half squat the feet are kept flat. (See 
Fig. 12b.) 

In the full squat the heels are raised, and the spine is erect, ex- 
cept in body movements. (See Fig. 12a.) 

The squat-rest position is the full squat with palms of hands on 
floor. (See Fig. 13.) 

5. The jumping exercises are made upon the ball of the feet. 
They are among the most violent exercises of the drill and should 
therefore be done slowly and only a few times. Especially is this 
true of the upward jumps. The remainder may be done mode- 
rately fast. 

6. Running exercises may be performed when one uses this 
drill in a limited space, but are superfluous in a gymnasium where 
one may run on a track properly. 

III. SITTING OR LYING DOWN EXERCISES. 

Are preferably done on mats, but in large classes are done upon 
the floor. These are among the most important exercises of the 
drill since they bring into play muscles that are not much used 
by the average man. Their activity affects strongly the vital 
functions. (Figs. 41—45.) 

IV. LEANING REST (Figs. 9-11.) 

Exercises in the leaning-rest are of limited number and benefit. 
The method of obtaining the front leaning-rest position from the 
stand, is by either first obtaining the squat-rest and then extend 
legs, or by falling forward to front leaning-rest with arms bent. 
The side and back leaning positions are obtained from the front 
position. All leaning positions may be obtained from the lying 



Spalding s Athletic Library. 5^ 

positions and may be incorporated in connection with them, i{ 
they are used at all. 

V. BODY BENDING AND ROTATING. 

This series includes body bending, rotating, and circumducting 
exercises of a ver}' important and varied nature. 

1. In the forward bending exercises the knees are bent as the 
arms swing well down between them. (Fig. 39.) In the charging 
combinations of this exercise, only the charging leg is bent. 

2. Rotation, rotation and bend, and bend and rotation exercises 
are self explanatory. A distinction should be noted between bend 
and rotation from rotation and bend. (Figs. 18, 22, 40). 

3. The circumduct should be done alternately left and right so 
as to avoid dizziness. (Fig. 2)^.) 

VI. BALANCE. 

Balancing exercises furnish desirable and important addition to 
mass class w^ork. Each position should be held several seconds. 

1. In the forward bend with thigh extended the hips should be 
held horizontal, neck extended. The knee of the leg upon which 
the balance is made is flexed enough to permit a horizontal posi- 
tion of body and other leg. (See Fig. 46.) 

2. In the side bend with thigh abducted, the body and leg 
should be horizontal and the balancing leg should not be bent. 
(See Fig. 47.) 

3. The backward bend with thigh flexed can be done only to a 
limited degree. The neck should be held well back. 

4. The remaining balance positions are self explanatory. (Fig. 
12a, 48, 49.} 



58 Spalding's Athletic Library. 



Sample Graded Drills 



The six drills that follow are samples of a graded series of 
dri'lls, all derived from the previous outline, and may be used as 
they are or modified by each director. It is advised that each 
director make up his own series. It will be seen that each drill 
is more vigorous than its predecessor, but it should be under- 
stood that drill No. '6 is not the Climax, but each director may 
continue making drills from these samples in ever increasing 
vigor and complication. 

GRADED DRILL No. i. 

1. Stoop-Stand — Thrust. 

(a) Front horizontal (from position an Fig. 38'b, to position 
in Fig. 15.) 

(b) Side horizontal (from position in Fig. 38a, to position in 
Fig. 14). 

(c) Vertical (from position in Fig. 38a, to position in Fig. 16). 

2. Stoop-Stand — Neck movements, with resistance of hands. 

(a) Forward bend. (Fig. 21b.) 

(b) Side bend. (Fig. 22b.) 

(c) Backward bend. (Fig. 21a.) 

(d) Project and retract chin. (Fig. 22,.) 

3. Stoop- Stand — Arm sztnngs. 

(a) From thighs, forward up and return. (Fig. ZZ) 

(b) From thighs, sideways up and return. (Fig. 34. ) 

(c) From front horizontal to side horizontal and return. 
(Fig. 35.) 

(d) Circumduct arms, hands at side horizontal. 

4. Stand, hands on hips — Hip bend. (Fig. 19.) 

5. Walk-stand, hands on hips — Arch bend. (Fig. 5.) 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 59 

6. Stand, hands on hips — Charge. (Fig. 7.) 
^.a) Forward. 

(b) Forward oblique. 

(c) Side. 

(d) Rear oblique. 

(e) Rear. 

7. Stand, hands on hips. 

(a) Flex thigh. (Fig. 25.) 

(b) Abduct thigh. (Fig. 27.) 

(c) Extend thigh. (Fig. 26.) 

(d) Flex thigh and leg. (Fig. 37.) 

(e) Flex feet, raise on heels. 

(f) Extend feet. Fig. 30.) 

8. Stand, hands on hips — Squat. 

(a) Half way down. (Fig. 12b.) 

(b) All the way down. (Fig. 12a.) 

9. Stand, hands on hips — Hop. 

(a) On one foot. 

(b) Alternate foot. 

10. Stand, hands on hips — Jaimp. 

(a) Upward. 

(b) Forward and backward. 

(c) Sideways. 

(d) Stride-jump. (Jump to stride-stand and return to stand.) 

(e) Walk-jump. (Change legs simuiltaneously in walk-jump.) 

11. Lie on back, hands under hips. 

(a) Flex one thigh and leg. (Fig. 41.) 
(lb) Flex both thighs and legs. 

(c) Flex one thigh. (Fig. 42.) 

(d) Raise body to sitting position and return. 

12. Lie on side, resting on elbow — Abduct thigh. (Fig. 44.) 

13. Lie on abdomen. 

(a) Arms side horizontal. Raise arms as high as possible. 

(b) Arms front horizontal. Raise arms as high as possible. 

(c) Hands side shoulders — Thrusts, 
(i) To side horizontal. 

(2) To vertical. 



6o Spalding's Athletic Library. 

14. Front— leaning— rest. (Fig. 9.) Flex and extend arms. 

15. Side— leaning— rest. (Fig. 11.) Abduct thigh. 

16. Back— leaning— rest. (Fig. 10.) Flex thigh and leg. 

1 7. Stride-stand. —Swing arms between legs (Fig. 39) from and to, 

(a) Thighs. (Fig. 3.) 

(b) Side horizontal. (Fig. 14.) 

(c) Side shoulders. (Fig. 38a.) 

(d) Vertical. (Fig. 16.) 

18. Stride— Stand— i^6'/'a/^ body with hands on, 

(a) Hips (Fig. 20, except that legs are in stride — stand, 
Fig. 3). 

(b) Back of head. 

(c) Side horizontal. (Fig. 14.) 

(d) Front horizontal. (Fig. 15.) 

19. Stride— stand, hands on h.x'ps—Bend and rotate body, (Fig. 40.) 

(a) Forward. 

(b) Side. 

(c) Backward. 

20. Stride— stand, hands on hi^s— Circumduct body. (Fig. 32.^ 

21. Balance, hands on hips. 

(a) Forward bend with one thigh extended. (Fig. 46.) 

(b) Side bend with one thigh abducted. (Fig. 47.) 

(c) Full squat position. (Fig. 12a.) Arms held in various 
positions. 

GRADED DRILL No. 2. 

1. Stride — stoop — stand— Zyzr/^j/?, extending fingers on thrust 

and grip on return. 

(a) Front horizontal. (Fig. 15.) 

(b) Side horizontal. (Fig. 14.) 

(c) Vertical. (Fig. 16.) 

2. Stride— stoop— stand— A/"*?^/^ movements, with resistance of 

hands. 

(a) Forward, side, and backward bend. 

(b) Project and retract chin. 

(c) Rotate. > 

(d) Circumduct 



Spalding's Athletic Library, 6i 

3. Stride— stoop— stand— y4rw sitings. 

(a) From thighs forward up and return. 

(b) From thighs sideways up and return. 

(c) From front horizontal to side horizontal a-nu f cim".,, 

(d) At side horizontal, small backward circle':*. 

4. Stride— stand, head clasp— //z)> bend. 

5. Stride — stand, head clasp— 5/^^ bend. 

6. Walk— stand, one hand back of head— Arc/i bend, 

7. Stand J head clasp — Charge. 

(a) Forward. 

(b) Forward oblique. 

(c) Side. 

Cd) Rear oblique. 

(e) Rear, 

8. Stand, head clasp. 

(a) Flex thigh. 

(b) Abduct thigh. 

(c) Extend thigh. 

(d) Flex thigh and leg, then extend leg. 

(e) Flex and extend thigh. 

(f) Flex and extend feet. 

9 Stand, hands on hips — Hob. 

(a) On one foot. 

(b) Alternate foot, 

(c) On one, flex and extend other t-kso.*?., 

(d) On one, abduct and adduct the otner thiglu 

10. Stand, hands on hips— ^^wa/, half way down with me 7egj 

flexing the other leg. 

11. Stand, head clasp— y«Wif/. 

(a) Upward. 

(b) Forward and backward. 

(c) Sideways. 

(d) Stride — jump. 

(e) Walk— jump. 

12. Lie on back. 

(a) Hand under hips. Flex both thighs and legs. 



02 Spalding' s Athletic Library. 

(b) Arms vertical. Flex one thigh and touch leg with one 
hand. 

(c) Hands under hips. Flex both thighs. 

(d) Arms vertical. Swing arms forward and aise body to 
sitting position. 

I j. Lie on side, arms vertical. Raise body from the floor. 

14. Lie on abdomen. Rest on the forearms. 

(a) Extend one thigh. 

(b) Extend both thighs. 

(c) Abduct both thighs. 

15. Front leaning— rest. 

(a) Flex and extend arms. 

(b) Turn alternately left and right to side leaning-rest, ab- 
ducting thigh and raising arm. 

16. Back leaning-rest— ^<^£f«^/ thigh alternate L. and R. 

17. Strtde-stand— Swing arms between legs, from and to, 

(a) Hands back of head. 

(b) Hands side of shoulders. 

(c) Both hands on one shoulder. 

(d) Both arms held horizontally to one side. 

18. Stride-stand, hands back of head — Bend and rotate body, 

(a) Forward. 

(b) Side. 

(c) Backward. 

19. Stride-stand, hands back of hedid— Circumduct body, 

20. Balance, with hands back of head. 

(a) Forward bend with one thigh extended. 

(b) Side bend with one thigh abducted. 

21. Balance, hands on hips— Backward bend with one thigt 
flexed. 

GRADED DRILL No. 3. 
\, Thrust. 

(a) To front horizontal with alternate forward toe-touch. 

(b) To side horizontal with alternate side toe-touch. 

(c) To vertical with alternate rear toe-touch. 



SpaldiHg^s Athletic Library. . 63 

Neck movements. 

(a) Hands on forehead— forward bend of neck and body. 

(b) Hands on side of head — side bend of neck and body. 

(c) Hands on back of head — backward bend of neck and body, 
3. Arm swings. 

(a) Forward to vertical with forward toe-touch. 

(b) Sideways to vertical with side toe-touch. 

(c) In horizontal plane with rear toe-touch. 

(d) Circumduct arms at side horizontal with % squat. 
4 Stride-stand, arms vertical — Hip Vend, 

5. Stride-stand, arms vertical — Side bend 

6. Walk-stand, one arm vertical — Arrh bend. 

7. Attention — Charge. 

(a) Forward oblique, swinging arms to front horizontal and 
then forcibly to side of chest 

(b) Side, swinging arms to side horizontal and then forcibly 
to side of chest. 

8. Extending thigh, without movement of arms, 

9. Attention — Hop, 

(a) On one foot, changing arms to various positions. 

(b) Alternate foot, changing arms to various positions. 

10 Attention — Squat, half way down, raising arms forward to 
vertical. 

11. Stride-stand — Squat all the way down, raising arms sideways 
to vertical. 

12. Squat-rest, one thigh extended — Simultaneous change of leg 
positions. 

13. Attention — Jump, 

(a) Upward, swinging arms to front horizontal. 

(b) Forward and backward, swinging arms to front horizontal, 

(c) Sideways, alternately raising arm to side horizontal. 

(d) Stride-jump, swing arms sideways to vertical 

(e) Walk-jump, swing arms alternately to front horizontal. 
[4. Lie on back. 

(a) Hands down — Raise to sitting position. 

(b) Hands under hips — abduct thighs. 



64 Spalding' s Athletic Library. 

(c) Various arm swings. 

(d) Hold thighs sHghtly flexed for several seconds. 

15. Lie on side, resting on forearm. 

(a) Alternately flex thigh and leg, then extend thigh. 

(b) Raise arm over head, abducting thigh and touching leg. 

16. Lie on abdomen. 

(a) Arms extended vertical— A dduct thighs and spread arms. 

(b) Hands on \{v^^~Side bend. 

17. Front leaning-rest. 

(a) Alternately step sideways with hand and return. 

(b) Abduct thighs. 

18. Side leaning-rest, free hand at shoulder— T^Arws/ vertical 

and side bend of body. 

19. Back \e2.n\Vi%-x est— Abduct thighs. 

20. Stand. Side charge and swing arms between legs from and to. 

(a) Thighs. 

(b) Side horizontal. 

(c) Both- on one shoulder. 

(d) Both extended horizontally to one side. 

21. Stride stand, hands at side horizontal — Bend and rotate body. 

(Fig. 40.) 

(a) Forward. 

(b) Sideways. 

(c) Backward. 

22. Stride stand, one arm vertical — Circumduct body, 
2^. Balance, with one arm vertical. 

(a) Forward bend wfth one thigh extended. 

(b) Side bend with one thigh abducted. 
24. Full squat balance and 

(a) Thrusts. 

(b) Arm swings. 

GRADED DRILL No. 4. 

I. Stand — Thrusts with half squat, and grip. 

(a) To front horizontal. 

(b) To side horizontal. 
Cc) To vertical. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 65 

2. Stand — Neck movements. 

(a) Hands on forehead — Forward neck bend and forward toe- 
touch. 

(b) Hands on side of head — Side neck bend and side toe-touch. 

(c) Hands on back of head — Backward neck bend and back- 
ward toe-touch. 

3. Attention — Arm swings. 

(a) Forward to vertical with forward obHque cross-toe-touch. 

(b) Sideways to vertical with side cross-toe-touch. 

(c) In horizontal plane with rear oblique cross-toe-touch. 

4. Attention — Hip bend, swinging arms forward to vertical. 

3. Stride-stand — Side bend, swinging arms sideways to vertical. 

6. Walk-stand — Arch bend, swinging one arm forward to vertical. 

7. A.ttention — Charge. 

(a) Cross forward oblique, swing arms through front to side 
horizontal. 

(b) Cross side charge, swing arms sideways to vertical, 

(c) Cross rear oblique, hands on hips. 

5. Attention. 

(a) Flex one thigh and leg. grasping leg with both hands and 
press knee to chest, 

(b) Flex thigh and leg, then extend leg, bringing hands to 
side of chest and then thrusting to front horizontal. 

(c) Flex and extend thigh, swinging arms in horizontal plane, 

9. Stand — Hop and thrust, 

(a) On one foot, 

(b) On alternate foot. 

10. Stride-stand— 6'(72/af, swinging arms through side hoHzontal 
and vertical to side of shoulders. 

11. Attention— Fw// squat, swinging the arms through front to 
side horizontal, 

12. Attention- On^ leg squat, flexing the other thigh and raising- 
arms to front horizontal, 

13. Squat-rest. 

(a) Swimming movement. 

(b) One thigh abducted— Change legs simultaneously. 



66 Spalding's Athletic Library, 

14. Attention — Jump 

(a) Upward, swinging arms to front horizontal, flexing thighs 
and legs. 

(b) Upward, swinging arms to side horizontal, abducting 
thighs and legs, 

(c) Hands on hips — Jump upward, flexing one thigh and ex- 
tending other. 

15. Lie on back, 

(a) Hands under hips, flex thighs and legs, then extend legs, 

(b) Hands side shoulders, forward thrust and raise to sitting: 
position. 

(c) Hands under hips, flex and abduct thighs. 

(d) With knees bent, feet resting on floor,, extend and retract 
abdomen, 

t6. Lie on abdomen. 

(a) Hands side chest, side thrust. 

(b) Arms at side horizontal, raise arms from floor 

(c) Hands side chest, thrust vertical. 

(d) Arms vertical, raise arms and extend thighs. 
17. Front leaning-rest, 

(a) Flex arms, and on return spread arms simultaneously a 
few inches. 

(b) Flex one thigh and leg. 
T<S; Back leaning-rest. 

(a) Flex thigh and leg. 

(b) One leg flexed, simultaneous change of legs. 

19. Stand" — Stride-iump swinging arms between legs from and to, 

(a) Thighs. 

(b) Back head 

(c) Side chest. 

20. Stand, arms at side horizontal— C^ar^'^, bend and rotate 

body. 

(a) Forward 

(b) Sideways. 

(c) Rear, 

21. Stand, arms vertical — Bend and roMe body, 
(a.) Forward. 



Spalding's Athletic Library 67 

(b) Sideways. 

(c) Rear, 
22. Balance, 

(a) Arms vertical, forward bend with one thigh extended. 

(b) Arms vertical, side bend, with one thigh abducted. 

(c) Head clasp, backward bend with one thigh flexed, 
S3. Full squat balance, 

(a) Hands on hips, with thigh abducted. 

(b) Arms at front horizontal and one thigh flexed, 

GRADED DRILL No, > 

1. Stride-stoDp-stand— r/irM.??. 

(a) Forward, with arms side horizontal and forearms flexed. 

(b) Alternate— forward, side, vertical, cross, 

2. Stand— A^^ffe movements. 

. (a) Hands on forehead— Forward neck bend and forward 
charge. 

(b) Hands on side of head— Side neck bend and side charge. 

(c) Hands on back of heatl— Backward neck bend and rear 
oblique charge, 

(d) Hands on side of head— Rotate head. 

(e) Hands on side of head— Circumduct head. 

3. Ann sivings. 

(a) Stride-stand— Arms sideways to vertical, flexing thigh and 

leg (Do not lift foot from the floor but simply bend the knee.) 

(b)* Walk-stand— Arms toward to vertical, flexing forward 

thigh and leg. . , . , , a • 

(c) Walk-stand—Arm swings in horizontal plane, tlexmg 

thigh and leg. ^ ,,,„,, _j - 

<d) Stride-stand, arms side horizontal— Smar backwani cir- 
cles and flex thigh and kg alternately, 
4. Stand, hands on hips— Hi> berid with forward charge. 
5 Stand, hands on hips—Side bend with side charge. 

6. Stand, hands on hips— ^rc^ bend with rear oblique charge. 

7. Stand, hands on hips— Lmm^^ (extreme charge). 

(a) Forward oblique, 

(b) Sde. 

(c) Rear oblique. 



68 Spalding's Athletic Library, 

8. Stand, hands on hips. 

(a) Flex thigh, bending body backward. 

(b) Abduct thigh, bending body sideways, 

(c) Extend thigh, bending body forward. 

9. Stand, hands on hips — Hop. 

(a) Flexing and extending opposite leg. 

(b) Flexing and extending opposite thigh and leg^, 

(c) Flexing and extending opposite thigh. 

(d) ^.Abducting and adducting opposite thigh. 

10. Stawd, hands on hips — Squat. 

(a) Half way down and bend, 
(i) Forward. 

(2) Side. 

(3) Backward. 

(b) All the way down and then abduct thigh. 

(c) With one leg, abducting other thigh on the descent and 
side bend of body to opposite side. 

11. Attention — Jump. 

(a) Upward and flex one thigh. 

(b) Forward and backward and thrust forward. 

(c) Walk-jump, with body rotation^ arms at side horizontal, 

12. Sit down. Rest hands on floor. 

(a) Flex thigh and leg. 

(b) Flex both thighs and legs. 

(c) Flex thigh. 

(d) Flex both thighs. 

13. Lie on abdomen, arms at side horizontal — Hold arms and 

legs off the floor several seconds. 

14. Front leaning-rest — Dip and clap hands alternately. 

15. Side leaning-rest — Flex free thigh and swing free arm back- 

ward. 

16. Back leaning-rest — Circumduct one thigh. 

17. Stand — Stride-jump, swing arms between legs with forward 

bend from and to,. 

(a) Arms side horizontal. 

(b) Arms vertical. 

(c) Both hands on one shoulder, return to other. 



Spaldmgs Athletic Library, 69 

18. Stride-stand. Rotate body, flexing thigh and leg. Simply 

bend the knee alternately. 

(a) Arms at side horizontal. 

(b) Arms at front horizontal. 

19. Stand, arms at side horizontal. Charge, bend and rotate 

body. 

(a) Forward. 

(b) Side. 

(c) Rear. 

20. Balance. 

(a) Forward bend with one thigh extended. Thrust to front 

horizontal. 

(b) Side bend with one thigh abducted. Thrust sideways. 
Cc) Full squat, and 

(i) Thrust to various positions. 
(2) Arm swings. 

GRADED DRILL No. 6. 

1. Stand— 7%rz/5/5. "^ 

(a) Forward, with thigh and leg flexion. 

(b) Sideways, with thigh abduction. 

(c) Vertical, with leg flexion. 

2. Stand— A^^^>^ movements. 

(a) Hands on forehead. Rear oblique charge with forward 
bend of body and neck. 

(b) Hands on side of head. Side charge and resist on opposite 
side of head. 

i^z) Hands on back of head. Forward charge and backward 
bend of body and head. 

(d) Hands on back of head. Half squat and extend and re- 
tract chin. 

3. Stride— stoop— stand. Arm swings. 

(a) Swing forward up and rotate body. 

(b) Swing sideways up and rotate body. 

(c) Swing in horizontal plane and small forward bend. 

(d) Circumduct arms at side horizontal and small backwara 



/O S'patding's Athletic Library. 

4. Stand, arms vertical. Hip bend with rear oblique charge- 

5. Stand, arms vertical. Side bend with opposite side charge. 

6. Stand, arms vertical. Arch bend with forward oblique charge. 

7. Stand, hands side of shoulders. Charge. 

(a) Forward, with forward bend and thrust to floor. 

(b) side, with side bend and thrust to floor. 

(c) Rear oblique, with forward bend and thrust to floor. 

8. Stand. Leg movements. 

(a) With arms vertical. Flex thigh and forward bend, touch 
toe. 

(b) With arms vertical. Abduct thigh and side bend. 

(c) With arms front horizontal. Extend thigh and spread 
arms. 

9. Stand, hands on hips. Hop. 

(a) Alternate foot, flexing the other thigh and leg. 

(b) Alternate foot, flexing the other thigh. 

(c) Alternate foot, flexing the other thigh and leg, then ex- 
tending leg. 

(d) Alternate foot, extending and flexing the other thigh. 

(e) Alternating foot, abducting the other thigh. 
Jo. Squat. 

(a) With arms vertical. Forward bend on descent. 

(b) Stride-jump, raiising arms to side horizontal and on 
return squat. 

(c) Attention — Full squat, then extenid leg forward, raising 
arms to front horizontal. 

11. Stand, arms vertical — Squat-rest, then extend thighs and 

legs to front leaning-rest and dip at same time. 

12. Stand — Jump. 

(a) Upward, flexing one thigh and extending the other. 

(b) Upward, flexing and abducting thighs and touching toeS 
with hands. 

(c) Stride-stand, hands on hips — Jump forward with one- 
half turn and return. 

13. Sitting, arms front horizontal — Abduct thighs and spread 

arms. 



Spalding's Athkiic Library. 7i 

14. Lie down on back, arms extending horizontally near the head. 

(a) Flex thighs, swing arms forward (elevating shoulders 
from floor) and touch feet. 

(b) Raise arms, head, shoulders and feet off the floor and 
retain the position for several seconds. 

15. Lie on abdomen. 

(a) Arms vertical. Raise arms and legs from the floor and 
retain the position several seconds. (Fig. 45.) 

(b) Position as in (a), then bend sidewise, abducting thigh 
and touch leg with hand. 

16. Lie on side, arms extended near head. Flex and extend free 

thigh and touching foot with free hand. 

17. Front leaning-rest. 

(a) Stride-jump with arms. 

(h) Dip and stride-jump with arms alternately. 

18. Forward bend. 

(a) Stride-stand, hands at side horizontal, forward bend and 
swing arms between legs and on the return squat and cir- 
cumduct arms. 

(b) Stand, hands side shoulders. Side charge, forward bend 
and swing arms between legs and on the return side thrust. 

(c) Attention. Stride-jump, forward bend and swing arms 
between legs and on the return swing arms forward to 
vertical. 

19. Rotate body. 

(a) In stride-stand, rotate with side thrusts. 

(b) In stride-stand, rotate with side thrusts and forward bend. 

(c) In stride-stand, rotate with side thrusts and backward bend. 

(d) Stand, hands on hips, rotate with side charge and for- 
ward benid, either left or right.- 

20. Balance. 

(a) Forward bend with one thigh extended horizo-Mally — ■ 
Arm movements. 

(b) Side bend with one thigh abducted horizontally— <Arftt 
'movements. 

(c) Backward bend with one thigh flexed, arms at side hori- 
zontal. 

(d) Full squat with arm movements and bend». 



J2 Spalding's Athletic Library. 



Popular Drill 



Some directors who do not care to teach a graded series of 
drills, but wish a set drill that may be used for the average per- 
son. For this purpose any one of the first three drills given 
above may be used. The writer, however, has found the follow- 
ing drill the best for this purpose: 

1. Thrusts in stride—stoop — stand. 

(a) Forward. 

(b) Side. 

(c) Vertical. 

2. Arm swings in stride — stoop — stand. » 

(a) Forward to vertical. 

(b) Sideways to vertical. 

(c) Forward and backward in the horizontal plane* 

(d) Circumduct arms at side horizontal. 

3. Hip bend, with head clasp. 

4. Side bend with head clasp in the stride-stand. 

5. Arch bend, in walk-stand, with hands on hips. (Fig. 5). 

6. Charges. 

(a) Forward oblique, swinging arms through front to sid€ 
horizontal. 

(b) Side, swinging arms sideways to vertical. 

(c) Rear oblique, swinging arms through front horizontal tO 
side chest. 

7. Leg movements in stand. 

(a) Flex thigh and touch toe. 

(b) Abduct thigh and touch toe. 

(c) Extend thigh and swing arms forward to vertical. 

8. Hop, with hands on hips. 

(a) Left foot. 

(b) Right foot. 

(c) Alternate left and right. 



Spaldijig's Athletic Library. 73 

(d) Alternate left and right, flexing other thigh and leg. 

(e) Alternate left and right, flexing other thigh. 

(f) Alternate left and right, abducting other thigh. 

(g) On one, flexing and extending other thigh. 

(h) On one, flexing and extending other thigh alternately. 

9. Squat. 

(a) Half squat, raising arms to front horizontal. 

(b) Full squat, raising arms sideways to vertical. 

(c) Full squat position, with arms in various positions ; also 
various arm movements. 

(d) Squat-rest. Extend legs backward to front leaning-rest. 

10. Front leaning-rest. Dip. 

11. Lie on back. 

(a) Hands under hips. Flex thigh and leg. (Fig. 41.) 

(b) Hands under hips. Flex both thighs and legs. 

(c) Hands under hips. Flex thighs. (Fig. 42.) 

(d) Hands under hips. Flex thighs. 

(e) Abdomen extension and retraction. 

(f) Abdomen vibration with hand. 

(g) Hands at side. Raise body to sitting position. 

(h) Arms extended near head. Raise body, flexing thighs, 
and touch legs with hands. 

12. Lie on side. Abduct thigh. (Fig. 44.) 

13. Lie on abdomen. 

(a) Thrust vertical or sideways. 

(b) Rest on forearms. Extend thigh. 

(c) Arms extended sideways. Raise arms and legs from 
floor. 

(d) Arms extended vertical. Raise arms and legs from floor 
and retain position several seconds. (Fig. 45.) 

14. Jump. 

(a) Upward, swinging arms to front horizontal. 

(b) Upward, swinging arms to side horizontal and abduct 
thighs. 

(c) Stride-jump, swinging arms sideways to vertical. 

(d) Walk-jump, hands on hips. 



74 Spalding's Athletic Library. 

15. Stand — Forward bend, swinging arms between legs from 

and to, 

(a) Side horizontal in the stride-stand. 

(b) Both on one shoulder in the stride-stand, flexing thigh 
and leg. (Simply bend knee.) 

(c) Both extended horizontally to one side in the stride- 
stand, flexing thigh and leg. 

(d) Hands side shoulders, side charge. 

(e) Arms vertical, stride-jump. 

16. Rotate body. 

(a) Arms at side horizontal. 

(b) Arms at side horizontal, forward bend and rotate. 
(Fig. 40.) 

(c) Arms vertical, rotate and forward bend. 

17. Stride-stand, hands on hips. Circumduct body. 

18. Balance. 

(a) Forward bend, extending thigh, hands first on hips, then 
to various positions, then various movements of arms. 
(Fig. 46.) 

(b) Side bend, abducting thigh, hands in various positions, 
then various arm movements. (Fig. 47.) 



tg^^s?[T[l?E THE SPALDING 




TRADEMARK 



GUARANTEES 




j^^ J J Spalding Gymneisium Shoes 

Correct fhoes ^°- ^^" High cut, kangaroo uppers; 
for Boxing genuine elkskin soles; will not slip on 

floor ; extra light ; the correct shoes 
to wear for boxing. . . Pair, 

No. 155. High cut. black leather, eIR. 
skin soles, soft and flexible. Pair, 

No. 166. Low cut, black leatner. 
electric soles Pair, 

No. 66L. Women's low cut, extra light 
selected black leather uppers, with 
electric soles Pair, 

No. 21. High cut. black leather ; elec- 
tric soles; sewed and turned; ex- 
tremely light and flexible. Pair, 

No. 20. Low cut, otherwise as No. ^i : 
sewed and turned. . . Pair, " "* 

No. 20U, Same a» No. 20, but .fi 
women's sizes. . . . Pair, 

Spalding Knockabout 
Leather Gymnasium Shoes 

Flexible Soles 
^'o. GWH. High cut, special pearl 
colored leather; flexible soks: well 

made Pair, 

No. GW. Low cut. otherwise as GWH. 
Pair. 
Spalding 
Special Bowling Shoes 

No. 148. For bowling and general 
gymnasium use; light drab chrome 
tanned leather uppers, with electric 
soles.: laces extremely low down. 
Pair.( 



Spalding Gymnasium and Acrobatic Shoe« 

No. FN. Corrugated rubber sole, special leather uppers. For acrobatic and wrestling wear. . . . . .Pair, 

No. FL, Extra high cut canvas acrobatic shoes. (Pat. Aug. 17. 1915). Special leather soles, will not harden in wat«. 

Shoes are reinforced where upper and sole are attached .*■.'* i""' * * *"• 

No. FM, Three inches lower than No. PL. White canvas shoes, black trimmed : special leather soles. . . ^ 
J*4o. £• Low cut canvas, canvas soles. .. .,.,,. ^ ^ ^ ,,».»%' ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ <•'' ' 

Spalding Fencing Shoes 

No. L. Drab glove leather, red trimmings. Not carried in stock; suppKeJ on 
special order only. Specify on order it to be made with or without toe 

.. extension sole, and on which shoe. ,. Pair, 

No. LW. Women's, Otherwise same as No. L. -. » » c. ^. a • • * 




Spalding Clog Shoes 

No. 1»0. Goatskin uppers ; wood soles. Special order only. « 



. Pair, 





HOW TO MEASURE FOR ATHLETIC SHOES 

Running Shoes, Jumping Shoes. Hurdling Shoes, and Pole Vaulting Shoes are usually worn without stock. 
ings; Uke measurements over bare feet. All other athletic shoes are worn with stockings; Uke measure 
ments over siockings. Take measuremenU as directed below and send with your order. UontKusfal 
Be Careful! 

In sitting position draw outlines of feet, both the right end left, measuring over stockings or bare feet a» 
required, according to style of shoe ; then, with tape measure, drawing same tight, measure ball, waist, 
instep, heel and ankle, as shown in cut. 

IMPORTANT— Hold pencil perpendicularly all around the foot, especiaUy at back of heel uid «« 
end of great toe. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 
ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
AODBESSEDTOUS ' 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE UST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEI 

OFTHISBOOI 



yPRlCES SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. Fo»( 



SK THE SPALDING 



TRADErMARKTuTTf 



SPALDING 
Gymnasium and 
Athletic Equipment 



Made of Best Materials 
Durable 
Comfortable 
Correct in Design 
Carefully Made 



A THLETIC UNIFORMS differ in construction from ordinary 
*^ clothes in that they must be especially strengthened in the 
parts bearing the strain. Only long years of practical experience 
in making athletic uniforms can determine the weak spots. 

Spalding has had this experience and puts it into practice In 
their own factory, w^here these goods aie made. 

Thos who wear them have told us they are durable and 
comfortaye. 

CPALDING GYMNASTIC UNIFORMS have been used for 
*^ years by colleges, schools, Y. M. C. A.*s, clubs, etc. 

Why ? Because the leaders of such organizations and insti- 
tutions have discovered they meet the approval of those using 
them, tnus eliminating friction between the director and his 
pupils or members. 

Why? Because the wearer is perfectly satisfied. 



WRITE FOR 

Spalding Catalogue 

CONTAINS A FULL LINE Of 

Shirts, Tights, Trunks, Shoes, etc. 
Suitable for Gymnasium and Athletic Use 



FREE ON REQUEST 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TA 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDBESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE ClTlKS .4 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVE! 

OF THIS BOOK 




^ «/ 

k 







. I 



TN TRACK AND 
■*■ FIELD SPORTS 

Spalding implements are pre-eminent. 
From the running shoes for Olympic 
winners to the missiles of weight 
throwers, Spalding goods are always 
in evidence when championships are 
w^on or records made. 

Ruling bodies in track and field 
athletics certify to Spalding Quality 
in the recognition of Spalding im- 
plements for use in Olympic and 
championship contests. 

Don't be led astray by the false 
cry of cheapness and "just as good." 
Remember that superiority in com- 
petition is the result of Quality in 
equipment. 




Ik^j^l^^^t^^ 



NEW YORK andaU LONDON 

CHICAGO large cities in the PARIS 

SAN FRANCISCO United States SYDNEY 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

H 



A separate book covers everv 
and is Official and "S 



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mm 



.„., Spalding ^ 

ATHLETIC goods'" 

AKE THE STANDARD OF THE WORLD 



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